Hemangioma cavernoso / Cavernous Hemangioma

Introducción: El hemangioma cavernoso es una de las neoplasias benignas más frecuentes en la infancia. Objetivo: Describir el caso de un hemangioma cavernoso en edad pediátrica. Caso clínico: Lactante femenina de 6 meses de edad, de procedencia urbana, cuyo nacimiento tuvo lugar en el Hospital Materno Fe del Valle Ramos, del municipio Manzanillo. Al nacer se observa una lesión en forma placa eritematosa violácea infiltrada de ± 10 cm, de borde definido, de superficie liza, con aumento de temperatura al tacto, que se extendía desde la parte medial anterior y posterior hasta la superior de la pierna del miembro inferior izquierdo. Se decidió interconsultar con el Servicio de Angiología, el cual diagnostica la lesión como hemangioma cavernoso. Conclusiones: Se corroboró que el hemangioma cavernoso es una entidad frecuente en la infancia, su diagnóstico y tratamiento oportunos son altamente beneficiosos para la mejoría y la cura, por lo que se impone la realización de un correcto y exhaustivo examen físico, de lo que se deriva también la prevención de complicaciones a corto, mediano y largo plazo(AU)

Introduction: Cavernous hemangioma is one of the most frequent benign neoplasms in childhood. Objective: To describe the case of a cavernous hemangioma at pediatric age. Clinical case: A 6-month-old female infant of urban origin was born at Hospital Materno Fe del Valle Ramos, Manzanillo Municipality, Granma Province. At birth, a violaceous erythematous plaque-like infiltrated lesion was observed, of approximately 10 cm, with a defined border, smooth surface, increased temperature at hand contact, extending from the anterior and posterior medial part to the upper leg of the left lower limb. It was decided to do an interconsultation with the angiology service, which diagnosed the lesion as a cavernous hemangioma. Conclusions: Cavernous hemangioma was corroborated to be a frequent entity in childhood, whose timely diagnosis and treatment are highly beneficial for improvement and cure, so it extremely necessary to carry out a correct and exhaustive physical examination, also deriving the prevention of complications in the short, medium and long terms(AU)

Radiocirugía estereotáxica por gamma knife en un paciente con cavernoma cerebral y síndrome de Evans

El cavernoma cerebral es una malformación vascular de diagnóstico infrecuente. Se define como una malformación a nivel de la vasculatura microcerebral que, dependiendo a la ubicación y si existe la posibilidad de ruptura, conlleva a una emergencia que puede terminar en la muerte del paciente. En esta oportunidad se reporta el caso de un paciente con cavernoma cerebral asociado al síndrome de Evans. Se decide manejo quirúrgico de la lesión por aumento de intensidad de cefalea e intolerancia oral. Dada la coexistencia del Síndrome de Evans y la alta tasa de morbimortalidad es que se decide manejo quirúrgico mediante radiocirugía estereotáxica con gamma knife. El uso de dosis de margen bajo para tratamiento con gamma knife para uso en cavernomas cerebrales produce un manejo controlado para sintomatología de convulsiones y mejor expectativa de calidad de vida.

Cerebral cavernoma is an infrequently diagnosed vascular malformation. It is defined as a malformation at the level of the microcerebral vasculature that, depending on the location and if there is a possibility of rupture, leads to an emergency that can end in the death of the patient. On this occasion, we report a case of a patient with cerebral cavernoma associated with Evans syndrome. Surgical management of the lesion was decided due to increased intensity of headache and oral intolerance. Given the coexistence of Evans Syndrome and the high rate of morbidity and mortality, surgical management was decided by stereotaxic radiosurgery with a gamma knife. The use of low-margin doses for treatment with gamma knife for use in brain cavernomas produces controlled management for seizure symptoms and better quality of life expectancy.

Hemangioma hepático gigante: presentación de caso clínico / Giant hepatic hemangioma: case report

Los hemangiomas hepáticos se consideran las lesiones benignas hepáticas más comunes. Se de-nominan hemangiomas gigantes cuando su diámetro supera los 5 cm. La etiología es poco clara y su mayor prevalencia se ubica en mujeres de mediana edad. A continuación, se presenta el caso de una paciente de 73 años con dispepsia tipo distrés postprandial. La paciente acudió a consulta donde se documentó una masa heterogénea en segmentos hepáticos VI y VII con componente exofítico, realce periférico y llenado centrípeto en fases tardías. Recibió manejo sintomático con buena respuesta clínica y continúa en seguimiento. La presentación de este caso clínico obedece a que el hemangioma hepático es diagnosticado, por lo general, de forma incidental por imágenes abdominales realizadas desde un enfoque distinto en el paciente, y por las numerosas consultas al servicio de salud por síntomas diferentes a los directamente relacionados con el hemangioma hepá-tico. Adicionalmente, puede generar complicaciones asociadas al efecto de masa, y su prevalencia dentro de las lesiones hepáticas benignas es considerable

Hepatic hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the liver. They are called giant he-mangiomas when their diameter exceeds 5 cm. The pathophysiology is unclear, and middle-aged women have the highest prevalence. The case of a 73-year-old woman with dyspepsia postprandial distress syndrome is presented. The patient had a heterogeneous mass in the liver segments VI and VII with an exophytic component, peripheral enhancement, and centripetal filling in late phases. The patient received symptomatic treatment with adequate clinical response and continues in observa-tion. The presentation of this clinical report is due to the fact that hepatic hemangioma is generally diagnosed incidentally by abdominal imaging performed from a different approach, and to the numerous visits to the health service due to symptoms other than those directly related to hepatic hemangioma. Additionally, it can involve mass-related complications, and the prevalence within benign liver lesions is substantial.

Hemangioma cavernoso del pie: a propósito de un caso / Cavernous hemangioma of the foot: a case report

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tumores de partes blandas son un grupo heterogéneo de lesiones tanto benignas como malignas. El origen histológico es diverso y entre ellos se encuentra el vascular como el hemangioma. Objetivo: Conocer un paciente con hemangioma cavernoso de partes blandas del pie derecho. Caso clínico: Paciente masculino de 21 años de edad, blanco sin antecedentes mórbidos de salud, acude a la consulta externa de Ortopedia y Traumatología por presentar una bola a nivel de la planta del pie derecho acompañada de dolor. Apareció hace dos años, pero ha incrementado su tamaño de forma rápida en los últimos tres meses. Mediante la exploración física se observó la tumoración en la cara plantar e interna del pie derecho, de consistencia dura, fija, mayor a 8 cm, de bordes irregulares y pobremente definidos con aumento de la temperatura local. Se realizaron exámenes complementarios imagenológicos y hematológicos. Al analizar el resultado de la exploración física y los complementarios se decidió la intervención quirúrgica consistente en la resección de la tumoración. Conclusiones: El hemangioma cavernoso es una enfermedad que afecta por lo general a niños y adolescentes sin predilección por el sexo, sus síntomas y signos más encontrados son el aumento de volumen y el dolor. El tratamiento consiste en la resección del tumor a través de un margen de seguridad y su principal complicación es la recidiva.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Soft tissue tumors are a heterogeneous group of both benign and malignant lesions. The histological origin is diverse and among them is the vascular one such as hemangioma. Objective: To present a patient with a soft tissue cavernous hemangioma of the right foot. Case report: A 21-year-old white male, without morbid antecedents, attended at the Orthopedics and Traumatology outpatient clinic for presenting a ball at the level of the sole of the right foot accompanied by pain. It appeared two years ago, but has grown rapidly in size in the last three months. The physical examination revealed that the tumor was on the plantar and inner side of the right foot, it was of a hard, fixed consistency, greater than eight centimeters, with irregular and poorly defined edges, with an increase in local temperature. Complementary imaging and hematological examinations were performed. Upon analyzing the results of the physical examination and the complementary ones, a surgical intervention consisting of resection of the tumor was decided. Conclusions: Cavernous hemangioma is an entity that generally affects children and adolescents without predilection for sex, its most common symptoms and signs are increased volume and pain. Treatment consists of resection of the tumor through a safety margin and its main complication is recurrence.

Malformación venosa del útero / Uterine venous malformation

Resumen Las malformaciones venosas son lesiones vasculares benignas infrecuentes que se presentan en el útero. Están conformadas por venas anormales, de diferentes tamaños y proporciones, con configuración espongiforme y disposición al azar. En la literatura, han sido previamente reportados algunos casos, usando el término "hemangioma cavernoso", pero según los cambios recientes en la terminología, aprobados por Sociedad Internacional para el Estudio de las Anormalidades Vasculares (ISSVA), se desaconseja el uso de este término y se sugiere el de "Malformación venosa", si se cumplen los hallazgos histopatológicos al momento de hacer el diagnóstico. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 44 años, con cuadro de hemorragia vaginal anormal y diagnóstico clínico de miomatosis y mioma abortado por el orificio cervical interno, el estudio histopatológico reveló la presencia de una malformación venosa que comprometía el miometrio y endometrio, con formación subsecuente de un pólipo.

Abstract Venous malformations are benign vascular lesions that rarely appear in the uterus. They are made up of abnormal veins, of different sizes and proportions, with spongiform configuration and random disposition. In the literature, some cases have been previously reported, using the term "cavernous hemangioma", but according to recent changes in terminology, approved by the International Society for the Study of Vascular Abnormalities (ISSVA), the use of this term is discouraged, and the diagnosis of Venous malformation is suggested, if the histopathological findings are met. We present the case of a 44-year-old woman, with abnormal vaginal bleeding and a clinical diagnosis of myomatosis and myoma aborted by the internal cervical orifice, in whom the histopathological study revealed the presence of a venous malformation that compromised the myometrium and endometrium, with subsequent formation of a polyp.

Hemangioma de colon Descripción de caso y revisión de la literatura / HEMANGIOMA OF THE COLON. Case report and literature review

El hemangioma de colon y recto es una entidad poco frecuente. El tipo cavernoso, es aún más raro por lo que existen pocos reportes de esta patología. Afecta mayormente al recto y al sigmoides, y el modo de presentación más común es la proctorragia indolora en el 90% de los casos. Más frecuente en adultos jóvenes. Esta entidad para su diagnóstico requiere alta sospecha y la realización de los estudios pertinentes ya que suele confundírsela con patologías más comunes. En esta revisión se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 58 años con un hemangioma cavernoso de colon transverso que se manifestó inicialmente como hematoquecia asociada a astenia. Luego de realizar estudios complementarios, se decide conducta quirúrgica. Se realizó resección de colon transverso con buena evolución postoperatoria. El resultado de anatomía patológica nos informa Hemangioma Cavernoso de colon transverso.

The hemangioma of the colon and rectum is a rare entity. The cavernous type is even more rare, so there are few reports of this pathology. It mainly affects the rectum and the sigmoid, and the most common presentation is painless proctorrhagia in 90% of cases. More frequent in young adults. This entity for its diagnosis requires high suspicion and the realization of the pertinent studies since it is usually confused with more common pathologies. In this review we present the case of a 58-year-old male patient with a cavernous hemangioma of the transverse colon that initially manifested as hematochezia associated with asthenia. After performing complementary studies, surgical behavior is decided. Transverse colon resection was performed with good postoperative evolution. The result of pathological anatomy informs us Cavernous hemangioma of transverse colon

Malformaciones cavernosas cerebrales, presentación de 14 casos y revisión de literatura / Brain cavernous malformations, presentation of 14 cases and literature review

Objetivo: Presentar los resultados de tratamiento quirúrgico obtenidos en una serie de 14 casos de malformación cavernosa, situadas en diferentes localizaciones encefálicas, además de realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema. Material y métodos: En el periodo de los años 2014-2019, se diagnosticaron y protocolizaron 14 pacientes por medio de la consulta externa de neurocirugía del Hospital Juárez de México. Todos menos 2, fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente. Resultados: En 12 de los 14 casos que recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico, se documentó mejoría neurológica posterior a la resección total en 10 pacientes, 1 paciente de cavernoma gigante temporal se hizo resección subtotal, en 1 paciente con lesión de localización protuberancial se le realizó únicamente drenaje de hematoma. El déficit preoperatorio tendió a mejorar progresivamente en las lesiones de mayor tamaño y en ningún caso se documentaron complicaciones, las crisis convulsivas se controlaron disminuyendo progresivamente la dosis de fármacos anticonvulsivantes en el periodo postquirúrgico de este grupo de pacientes. Y dos pacientes, uno con lesión mesencefálica y el otro con cavernomatosis solo se sometieron a observación. Conclusiones: La cirugía es el método de elección hoy en día para el tratamiento de las malformaciones cavernosas, siendo los mejores resultados a menor tamaño de la lesión y con localizaciones más superficiales. Los resultados quirúrgicos de nuestros pacientes son similares a lo reportado en la literatura mundial.

Objectives: To present the surgical outcomes obtained in a series of 14 cases of cavernous malformation, located in different brain locations, in addition to conducting a literature review on the subject. Method: Between the years, 2014 and 2019, 14 cases were diagnosed and protocolized in neurosurgery department of Hospital Juárez of México. All patients except two, were surgically treated. Results: In 12 of the 14 cases received surgical treatment, neurological improvement was documented after the total resection in ten patients, one patient with giant temporal cavernoma performed a subtotal resection, other case with a lesion in the pontine location a hematoma drainage was performed. All surgical patients the preoperative clinical deficit tended to improve progressively in larger lesions and no complications were documented. Seizures were controlled by gradually decreasing the dose of anticonvulsant drugs in the post-surgical period of this group of patients. And two patients, one with mesencephalic lesion and another with cavernomatosis, were only observe. Conclusion: Surgery is the method of choice today for the treatment of cavernous malformations, with the best outcome being the smallest size of the lesion and with more superficial locations. The surgical outcomes in our patients are similar to those reported in the world literature

Extradural lumbar nerve root cavernous hemangioma: case report and successful surgical resection / Hemangioma cavernoso extradural de raiz nervosa lombar: relato de caso e ressecção cirúrgica bem-sucedida

Extradural lumbar spinal canal cavernous hemangiomas (or cavernomas) are rare lesions that can induce intense back pain and neurological deficit. We present a case report of a patient with a pure radicular lombar extradural cavernoma resembling a benign neurological tumor in imaging exams and a successful surgical resection.

Os hemangiomas cavernosos do canal vertebral lombar extradural (ou cavernomas) são lesões raras que podem induzir dor intensa no dorso e déficit neurológico. Apresentamos um relato de caso de um paciente com um cavernoma extradural lombar radicular puro assemelhando-se a um tumor neurológico benigno em exames de imagem e uma ressecção cirúrgica bem-sucedida.

Hemangioma cavernomatoso hepático gigante, presentación infrecuente de una lesión común / Giant hepatic hemangioma, an uncommon presentation of a frequent disease

Los hemangiomas hepáticos, también denominados hemangiomas cavernomatosos, son los tumores hepáticos más comunes. Se caracterizan por ser lesiones solitarias, pequeñas y benignas que se diagnostican frecuentemente de forma incidental. Suelen ser lesiones asintomáticas, si bien los síntomas se presentan más frecuentemente en aquellas lesiones mayores de 5 cm, también conocidas como hemangiomas gigantes. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 43 años, pauci-asintomática que presenta un hemangioma gigante de 16x16x27 cm, así como se realiza una revisión sistemática de la literatura.

Hepatic hemangiomas, also referred to as cavernous hemangiomas, are the most common benign mesenchymal hepatic tumors. They are often solitary, small lesions that have an excellent safety-prognosis and were commonly incidentally detected. Hepatic hemangiomas are frequently asymptomatic, although symptoms are more likely in those lesions larger than 5 cm also referred to as giant hemangiomas. We present a case of a pauci-asymptomatic 43 year-old woman with an uncommon 16x16x27 cm giant hemangioma and perform a review of the literature.

Hemangioma cavernoso laríngeo en adultos: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Cavernous hemangioma of the larynx in adults: case report and literature review

RESUMEN Los hemangiomas son uno de los tumores más frecuentes en cabeza y cuello. Los hemangiomas de laringe se pueden dividir clínicamente en formas infantiles y adultas. En niños es una patología frecuente, mientras que en adultos es muy infrecuente. En adultos, tiene mayor incidencia en hombres y su ubicación más frecuente es supraglótica. Su histología más frecuente es el hemangioma cavernoso (HC), que corresponde a una malformación de origen venoso, con paredes delgadas y vasos dilatados. La presentación más habitual es con disfonía o ronquera de meses o años de evolución y se sospecha mediante la nasofaringolaringoscopía o el estudio de imágenes (TC y/o RM). Existen distintas formas de tratamiento, incluidas la observación, la corticoterapia, la radioterapia, la cirugía láser, la cirugía abierta, etc., sin existir un consenso sobre la mejor opción. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 43 años con antecedentes de tabaquismo que consultó por una historia de disfonía de un año de evolución. Se diagnosticó mediante nasofaringolaringoscopía y TC de cuello una gran masa supraglótica que se extirpó mediante un abordaje de laringofisura. La biopsia diferida informó un HC.

ABSTRACT Hemangiomas are one of the most frequent head and neck tumors. Clinically, they can be divided into childish and adult forms. In children it is a frequent pathology, whereas in adults it is very rare. In adults, it has a higher incidence in men and its more frequent location is supraglottic. Its most frequent histology is the cavernous hemangioma, which corresponds to a malformation of venous origin, with thin walls and dilated vessels. The most common presentation is with the disphony or hoarseness lasting from months to years of evolution and suspicion is made through nasofibroscopy or the imaging study (CT and / or MRI). There are different forms of treatment, including observation, corticotherapy, radiotherapy, laser surgery, open surgery, etc., without a consensus on the best option. We present the case of a 43 year old male with a history of smoking who consulted for dysphonia of a year of evolution. A large supraglottic mass was diagnosed through nasofibroscopy and CT of the neck, which is removed by a laryngopharyngeal approach. Deferred biopsy reported a cavernous hemangioma.

Hemangioma cavernoso como causa de hemorragia digestiva oculta manifiesta: reporte de caso / A Case Report of Cavernous Hemangioma as a Cause of Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Resumen Se realizó un estudio descriptivo tipo reporte de caso de un paciente valorado por el servicio de gastroenterología en la Clínica Nuestra en la ciudad de Cali, por sospecha de sangrado digestivo oculto cuyos estudios previos no habían mostrado causa de sangrado. Se realizó videocápsula endoscópica (MiroCam®) con un hallazgo positivo de lesión en el intestino delgado. Se llevó a enteroscopia en Clínica Farallones de la Ciudad de Cali con enteroscopio Olympus 180 Q que confirmó el hallazgo. Ulteriormente, se llevó a cirugía, en la que se confirmó el diagnóstico. Los datos y las fotografías se obtuvieron en bases de datos de los servicios de endoscopia y las fotos de patología se obtuvieron del registro del médico patólogo. Finalmente, se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed sobre literatura existente de historia clínica y reportes de casos similares.

Abstract This is a descriptive study based on the case report of a patient suspected of occult gastrointestinal bleeding who was evaluated by the gastroenterology service in Clínica Nuestra in Cali. Previous studies had not shown cause of bleeding. Video endoscopy (Mirocam) found a lesion in the small intestine. Enteroscopy at performed at Clínica Farallones in Cali with an Olympus 180 Q enteroscope confirmed the finding. Surgery further confirmed the diagnosis. Data and photographs were obtained from the database of endoscopy services and the pathology photos were obtained from the pathologist's registry. A literature review based on a Pubmed search of the existing literature on clinical histories and reports of similar cases is included.

Hemangioma cavernoso mediastinal / Mediastinal Cavernous Hemangioma

El hemangioma mediastinal es un tumor vascular benigno poco frecuente que representa el 0,5 % de los tumores mediastinales. Se describe el caso de un paciente de 65 años con un tumor de mediastino anterior correspondiente a un hemangioma cavernoso.

The mediastinal hemangioma is a rare benign vascular tumor representing 0.5 % of mediastinal tumors. We describe a case of a 65 year old patient with an anterior tumor of mediastinum corresponding to a cavernous hemangioma.

Paciente con hemangioma cavernoso de útero / A patient with cavernous hemangioma of the uterus

Se presenta el caso de una paciente que tuvo un aborto espontáneo precoz en el curso del acto quirúrgico por sospecha de embarazo ectópico. Se encontró un tumor en el ligamento ancho derecho que la llevó a histerectomía total. Se diagnosticó, por anatomía patológica, un hemangioma cavernoso subseroso de útero.

Cavernomatosis cerebral múltiple: primer reporte de caso en Perú / Multiple cerebral cavernous: first case report in Peru

La cavernomatosis cerebral (CC), única o múltiple, es la presencia de conductos vasculares distendidos, angiográficamente ocultos, por lo cual clásicamente eran hallazgos incidentales intraoperatorios o en autopsias. Actualmente la resonancia magnética (RM) cerebral, permite identificar éstas lesiones en un mayor número de pacientes. Las manifestaciones clínicas son hemorragias intracerebrales, crisis epilépticas y cefalea. Se reporta el caso de un varón de 55 años, sin antecedentes de importancia que ingresó por presentar cefalea y crisis de arresto del habla. El examen físico fue normal. Estudios tomográficos previos mostraron una lesión hemorrágica única, al realizarse una RM cerebral con protocolo T2-eco gradiente se evidencia múltiples imágenes compatibles con CC múltiple. Es el primer reporte de CC múltiple, entidad poco diagnosticada, que se debe sospechar en pacientes sin antecedentes de riesgo vascular que debutan con hemorragias intracerebrales, crisis epilépticas y/o cefaleas; constituyendo la RM cerebral en protocolo T2-eco gradiente, el estudio indicado para el diagnóstico.

Cerebral cavernomatosis (CC), single or multiple, is the presence of distended vascular channels, angiographically occult, for that, they are classically incidental intraoperative findings at autopsy. Currently the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) let us identify these lesions in a larger number of patients. Clinical manifestations are intracerebral hemorrhages, seizures and headache. A male, 55, no history of significance is reported; he was admitted for headache and some months later presents speech arrest crisis. On physical examination, nothing unusual. Previous tomographic studies showed a hemorrhagic lesion, when the brain MRI with T2-eco gradient protocol was performed, multiple images observed, were compatible with multiple CC. This is the first report of multiple CC, unfrequent entity that should be suspected in patients with no history of vascular risk who present intracerebral hemorrhage, seizure and / or headache; being the brain MRI, the study indicated for diagnosis.

Cavernomas da fossa posterior do crânio: relato de série de seis casos / Posterior fossae cavernomas: study series of six cases

Os cavernomas são lesões classificadas como malformações vasculares, juntamente com malformações arteriovenosas, desenvolvimento venoso anômalo e telangiectasias capilares. Podem ocorrer de forma esporádica ou familiar e acometer qualquer área do sistema nervoso central, sendo a região supratentorial sua localização mais frequente. Neste artigo, é descrita uma série de seis pacientes com cavernoma na fossa posterior. Cinco cavernomas localizavam-se no tronco encefálico e um no cerebelo. A faixa etária dos pacientes variou de 14 a 50 anos. A abordagem cirúrgica diferiu entre os casos. Quatro casos apresentaram piora no pós-operatório imediato, com melhora subsequente. O seguimento dos pacientes variou de quatro meses a sete anos. Não houve óbito na série. Os cavernomas da fossa posterior requerem abordagem individualizada e técnica cirúrgica acurada. Embora possa ocorrer piora momentânea no pós-operatório imediato, a melhora subsequente é a regra, sendo o óbito infrequente.

Cavernomas are lesions classified as vascular malformations, along with arteriovenous malformations, developmental venous anomalies and capillary telangiectasia. They can occur in a sporadic or familial form and can affect any area of the central nervous system, being the region supratentorial the most frequent location. In this article, we describe a series of six cases of posterior fossae cavernoma. Five cavernomas were located in the brainstem and one in cerebellum. The ages ranged from 14 to 50 years old. The surgical approach differed between cases. Four cases worsened in the immediate postoperative period, with subsequent improvement. The follow-up ranged from four months to seven years. There were no deaths. Posterior fossae cavernomas require individualized approach and accurate surgical technique. Although momentary worsening may occur in the immediate postoperative period, the subsequent improvement is the rule, and the death is infrequent.

Investigation of thunderclap headache in cavernous angioma: when magnetic resonance makes the difference. Case report / Investigação de cefaleia em trovoada em angioma cavernoso: quando a ressonância magnética faz a diferença. Relato de caso

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Brain magnetic resonance is a major exam to evaluate thunderclap headache, after excluding subarachnoid hemorrhage. This study aimed at reporting a case of brainstem cavernous angioma (cavernoma) where clinical presentation and computerized tomography have suggested intraventricular hemorrhage. CASE REPORT: Female patient, 55 years, was referred to the hospital with a history of new headache 10 days ago. Pain onset was sudden, pressure-type, severe, located in the occipital region with irradiation throughout the head, followed by severe photophobia, nauseas, diplopia and blurred vision. Neurological evaluation has revealed anisocoria, complete ophthalmoplegia and right eyelid ptosis. Cranial CT has shown blood in the third ventricle. Conventional brain arteriography has not shown aneurysm, arteriovenous malformation or venous sinus thrombosis. At lumbar puncture, an opening water pressure of 45cm was found and liquor analysis was normal. Brain resonance has shown oval lesion (1.0x1.0x0.6cm) of exophytic aspect in the interpeduncular cistern and third ventricle, compatible with brainstem cavernoma. CONCLUSION: In this case, magnetic resonance was essential for the diagnosis, since routine exams (brain tomography, liquor puncture and arteriography) could not define it. Further studies are needed to explain how magnetic resonance impacts investigation. .

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A ressonância magnética cerebral é um exame importante na investigação da cefaleia em trovoada, após a exclusão de hemorragia subaracnoidea. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar um caso de angioma cavernoso (cavernoma) no tronco cerebral, em que a apresentação clínica e tomografia computadorizada sugeriram uma hemorragia intraventricular. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do gênero feminino, 55 anos, foi encaminhada ao hospital com uma história de cefaleia nova há 10 dias. A dor teve início súbito, do tipo pressão, de forte intensidade, localizada na região occipital com irradiação para toda a cabeça, acompanhada de fotofobia intensa, náuseas, diplopia e visão turva. O exame neurológico revelou anisocoria, oftalmoplegia completa e ptose palpebral à direita. Tomografia computadorizada de crânio mostrou sangue no terceiro ventrículo. Arteriografia cerebral convencional não apresentou aneurisma, malformação arteriovenosa ou trombose de seios venosos. Na punção lombar, uma pressão de 45cm de água de abertura foi encontrada e a análise do líquido cefalorraquidiano foi normal. A ressonância de crânio revelou lesão oval (1,0x1,0x0,6cm) de aspecto exofítica na cisterna interpeduncular e terceiro ventrículo compatível com cavernoma de tronco cerebral. CONCLUSÃO: No caso descrito, a ressonância magnética foi essencial para o diagnóstico, uma vez que os exames de rotina (tomografia de crânio, punção de líquor e arteriografia) não conseguiram defini-lo. Maiores estudos são necessários para esclarecer como a realização de ressonância magnética impacta a investigação. .

Hemangioma cavernoso mediastinal / Mediastinal cavernous hemangiomas

Hemangiomas mediastinais são raras lesões intratorácicas, correspondendo a aproximadamente 0,5% de todos os tumores mediastinais. Geralmente, apresentam-se nas primeiras quatro décadas de vida. O tumor descrito neste relato de caso foi diagnosticado em uma mulher de 30 anos assintomática, de forma incidental em um RX de tórax. É um tumor extremamente raro, que se enquadra no diagnóstico diferencial de tumores primários do mediastino, cujo tratamento é cirúrgico. Discutem-se a abordagem diagnóstica e a estratégia terapêutica (AU)

Mediastinal hemangiomas are rare intrathoracic lesions, representing approximately 0.5% of all mediastinal tumors. Generally, they present in the first four decades of life. The tumor described in this case report was diagnosed in an asymptomatic 30-year-old woman, incidentally on a chest x-ray. It is an extremely rare tumor, which falls in the differential diagnosis of primary mediastinal tumors, whose treatment is surgical. Diagnostic approach and therapeutic strategy are discussed (AU)

Rare cavernous hemangioma of adrenal gland: case report / Hemangioma cavernoso raro da glândula adrenal: relato de caso

CONTEXT: Cavernous hemangiomas of the adrenal gland are rare benign neoplastic tumors. The clinical presentation of adrenal hemangiomas is usually vague, and they are often discovered incidentally through imaging examination s performed for other reasons. CASE REPORT: We report the case of a non-functional adrenal hemangioma found incidentally in a 37-year-old man with a one-year history of headache and hypertension. A right adrenal mass was detected by means of magnetic resonance imaging. Physical examination and all laboratory values were unremarkable. The patient underwent laparoscopic right adrenal gland resection. Histopathological evaluation confirmed adrenal cavernous hemangioma. CONCLUSIONS: Most occurrences of cavernous hemangiomas of the adrenal gland are non-functional and often discovered incidentally. Although rare, these unusual benign adrenal masses should form part of the differential diagnosis of adrenal neoplasms. The proper treatment for adrenal cavernous hemangioma is surgical removal. .

CONTEXTO: Hemangiomas cavernosos da glândula adrenal são tumores neoplásicos raros, benignos. A apresentação clínica dos hemangiomas adrenais é geralmente vaga e muitas vezes eles são descobertos acidentalmente por exame imagiológico realizado por outras razões. RELATO DE CASO: Nós relatamos um caso de hemangioma adrenal não funcional encontrado por acaso em um homem de 37 anos de idade com histórico de um ano de dor de cabeça e hipertensão. Foi detectada massa adrenal direita por meio de ressonância magnética. Exame físico e todos os valores de laboratoriais estavam normais. O paciente foi submetido a cirurgia laparoscópica para ressecção da glândula adrenal direita. Avaliação histopatológica confirmou hemangioma adrenal cavernoso. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos hemangiomas cavernosos de glândula adrenal são não funcionais e muitas vezes descobertos por acaso. Embora raras, essas massas adrenais benignas devem ser parte de um diagnóstico diferencial de neoplasias suprarrenais. O tratamento adequado para o hemangioma adrenal cavernoso é a remoção cirúrgica. .

Cavernoma of the lateral ventricule presenting as speech arrests / Cavernoma do ventrículo lateral se apresentando como bloqueios da fala

Cavernous malformations (CM) are formed by dilated thin-walled vascular channels without intervening parenchyma and intraventricular lesions are rare. We report a case of an intraventricular cavernoma in a 54-year old female patient. She presented with speech arrests daily for 10 months. Neurological examination revealed no deficits. The brain MRI study revealed an intraventricular lesion at the level of the left atrium, heterogeneously hyperintense on both T1 and T2-weighted images. It was performed an interhemispheric transcallosal approach with gross-total resection of the lesion. The histological examination was compatible with the diagnosis of cavernous haemangioma. In the postoperative period the patient presented with transient right hemiparesis with recovery in two weeks. We briefly review the literature concerning intraventricular cavernomas...

Malformações cavenosas são formadas por canais vasculares dilatados e de paredes finas sem parênquima cerebral no interior. Lesões dessa natureza são raras nos ventrículos. Neste trabalho descrevemos um caso de cavernoma intraventricular em uma paciente feminina de 54 anos. Ela se apresentou clinicamente com bloqueios de fala diários nos últimos 10 meses. Nenhum déficit neurológico foi observado no exame. A ressonância magnética de encéfalo demonstrou lesão heterogênea na topografia do átrio ventricular esquerdo, hiperintensa em T1 e T2. Foi realizada abordagem interemisférica transcalosa com ressecção total da lesão. A análise histopatológica foi compatível com hemangioma cavernoso. No período pós-operatório a paciente apresentou hemiparesia direita, que melhorou em duas semanas. Revisa-se brevemente a literatura em relação a cavernomas intraventriculares...

Hemangioma cavernoso del mesosigmoide: informe de un caso y revisión de la bibliografía / Cavernous hemangioma of the mesosigmoid: a case report and literature review

Se informa un caso de hemangioma cavernoso del mesosigmoide, su presentación clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento, y se ofrece una revisión de la literatura asequible sobre el tema, para lo cual se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos de Medigraphic, Cochrane, Medline y PubMed. El paciente es un hombre de 72 años de edad, que se presentó con dolor abdominal, estreñimiento, pérdida de peso y masa tumoral en la fosa ilíaca izquierda. A pesar de las investigaciones imaginológicas y endoscópica, no se pudo hacer el diagnóstico preoperatorio. Se trató por laparotomía y resección del tumor, y el diagnóstico se confirmó por estudio histopatológico. El hemangioma cavernoso del mesosigmoide es un tumor raro, difícil de diagnosticar preoperatoriamente, a pesar de las avanzadas técnicas imaginológicas. La escisión quirúrgica y el examen histológico pueden ser los únicos medios para el diagnóstico.

This article reported a case of cavernous hemangioma of the mesosigmoid, its clinical presentation, diagnosis and treatment. It also offered literature review on this topic for which search into the Medigraphic, Cochrane, Medline and Pubmed databases was made. The patient was a 72 years-old man that went to the hospital with abdominal pain, constipation, loss of weight and tumor mass in the left iliac cavity. Despite imaging and endoscopic research, it was not possible to reach diagnosis preoperatively. He underwent laparotomy and tumor resection and the final diagnosis was confirmed in the histopathological study. The cavernous hemangioma of the mesosigmoid is a rare tumor difficult to preoperatively diagnose despite the advanced imaging techniques. Surgical excision and histological exam are the only means to reach diagnosis.